Why identify ecological networks?
Traditionally, nature conservation has focused on protecting important sites. However, this approach cannot sustain biodiversity over the long term because these sites often remain fragmented and isolated. To address this, we must consider physical factors such as water flow and nutrient cycling, which connect sites to the wider landscape and influence habitats.
Maintaining and improving connectivity is one of the key principles identified by the Lawton Review. The review concluded that protected sites should be 'more joined up'.
Areas outside ecological networks
Conserving and enhancing biodiversity matters wherever it occurs. Even in areas outside ecological networks, we should continue to protect and enhance biodiversity. The networks show where to focus our efforts and allocate our limited resources to achieve optimal results for existing habitats:
- protecting
- enhancing
- linking
Using ecological networks for decision-making
We can use ecological networks to:
- support local plan preparation
- inform local biodiversity action plans
The networks help to plan green infrastructure that will benefit landscape permeability for wildlife. Local authorities can use these connected habitat networks to:
- identify key locations that maximise habitat connectivity across a local area
- minimise the impact of development and other land use changes to prevent further isolating important habitats
- influence habitat mitigation and compensation schemes to improve connectivity
- implement targeted conservation interventions on local authority or partner-owned land
Development within ecological networks
Ecological networks do not impose statutory designations or constraints on activities. Instead, they highlight areas with significant opportunities for biodiversity improvement. Planners should consider the impact of development on connectivity and incorporate compensatory measures into the development management process.
Planners should consider the impact of development on connectivity and compensate for it in the development management process.